超聲波清洗機操作非常簡單，先往清洗槽內(nèi)放入適量的清水和清洗劑，并將清洗液調(diào)節(jié)到適當(dāng)?shù)臏囟龋缓髮⒋逑次锲贩湃肭逑匆褐校_保液體沒過物品，隨后按下清洗按鈕設(shè)備就可以自動清洗。機車維修店因為看中了超聲波清洗機清洗的便利性，所以萌生出運用它來清洗機車電氣線路的想法，在實際的運用過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)該想法可行性非常高。

The operation of the ultrasonic cleaning machine is very simple. First put an appropriate amount of clean water and cleaning agent into the cleaning tank, adjust the cleaning solution to an appropriate temperature, and then put the items to be cleaned into the cleaning solution to ensure that the liquid does not pass through the items. Then press the cleaning button, and the equipment can be cleaned automatically. The locomotive maintenance shop saw the convenience of the ultrasonic cleaning machine, so it came up with the idea of using it to clean the locomotive electrical circuit. In the actual application process, it was found that the idea was very feasible.

經(jīng)多次試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，超聲波清洗機應(yīng)用于機車電氣線路清洗具有許多優(yōu)點，下面將一一闡述。一是超聲波清洗技術(shù)是一種高效的清潔技術(shù)，清潔度能夠達到98%，對于機車電氣線路中大多數(shù)類的污染物都能高效清除，大大提高了機車電氣線路的清洗效率。二是超聲波具有波長短、能量集中、穿透力強等特點，可以達到傳統(tǒng)清洗所不能達到的縫隙，小孔等復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，大大減少了清洗機車電氣線路的時間和勞動。三是超聲波清洗機清洗一次機車電氣線路所用的清洗液較少，可大大地減少水資源和化學(xué)清潔劑的使用，真正做到了綠色環(huán)保，高效清潔。

After many tests, it is found that the application of ultrasonic cleaning machine in locomotive electrical circuit cleaning has many advantages, which will be described one by one below. First, ultrasonic cleaning technology is an efficient cleaning technology. The cleanliness can reach 98%, which can effectively remove most kinds of pollutants in locomotive electrical lines, greatly improving the cleaning efficiency of locomotive electrical lines. Second, ultrasonic wave has the characteristics of wave length, energy concentration and strong penetration, which can achieve the complex structures such as gaps and holes that cannot be achieved by traditional cleaning, which greatly reduces the time and labor of cleaning locomotive electrical lines. Third, the ultrasonic cleaning machine uses less cleaning fluid to clean the electrical circuit of locomotive once, which can greatly reduce the use of water resources and chemical cleaners, and truly achieve green, environmental protection and efficient cleaning.

超聲波清洗機應(yīng)用于機車電氣線路清洗還具有清洗成本低的優(yōu)勢。雖然購買一臺清洗設(shè)備需要幾千元，但是有了該設(shè)備之后，可以減少清洗人員，可減少清洗劑的使用，從整體上看，清洗成本有大幅度的下降。對于一些機車電氣線路清洗量較多的機車維修店而言，運用超聲波清洗機可節(jié)省的清洗成本更高。

The application of ultrasonic cleaning machine in locomotive electrical circuit cleaning also has the advantage of low cleaning cost. Although it costs thousands of yuan to buy a cleaning equipment, with the equipment, the cleaning personnel can be reduced and the use of cleaning agent can be reduced. On the whole, the cleaning cost has decreased significantly. For some locomotive maintenance shops with a large amount of locomotive electrical circuit cleaning, the use of ultrasonic cleaning machine can save higher cleaning cost.

為了探討哪種換能器布陣方法更有利于超音波清洗機，人們通過CATIA建立了換能器振板的裝配模型，在模型中，方形列陣共采用了12個換能器，各換能器之間左右間距為90mm，上下間距為44.5mm；三角形列陣共采用了11個換能器，各換能器之間左右間距為90mm，上下間距為51.5mm。將裝配好的超音波清洗機換能器振板模型導(dǎo)入到AnsysWorkbench中，選擇諧響應(yīng)分析模塊進行分析。

In order to explore which transducer array method is more conducive to ultrasonic cleaning machine, the assembly model of transducer vibrating plate is established through CATIA. In the model, 12 transducers are used in the square array, the left-right spacing between transducers is 90mm, and the upper and lower spacing is 44.5mm; A total of 11 transducers are used in the triangular array. The left-right spacing between the transducers is 90mm and the upper and lower spacing is 51.5mm. The assembled transducer vibration plate model of ultrasonic cleaning machine is imported into ANSYS Workbench, and the harmonic response analysis module is selected for analysis.

經(jīng)過有限元分析可以得知，在超音波清洗機換能器激勵的頻率和功率相同時，不同的布陣方式，振板振板所產(chǎn)生的位移響應(yīng)存在明顯的差異。試驗中方形布陣時振板的位移響應(yīng)為0.18mm，響應(yīng)位置比較分散；而三角形布陣時振板的位移響應(yīng)為0.63mm，響應(yīng)位置主要集中在振板的中間位置，能源利用效率更高。如果待清洗的物品主要集中放置于清洗槽的中間位置，那超音波清洗機的換能器應(yīng)該選擇三角形布陣方法；相反，如果待清洗的物品分散放于清洗槽中，那清洗設(shè)備的換能器應(yīng)該選擇方形布陣方法。

Through the finite element analysis, it can be known that when the frequency and power of the transducer of the ultrasonic cleaning machine are the same, there are obvious differences in the displacement response of the vibrating plate with different array methods. In the test, when the square array is arranged, the displacement response of the vibrating plate is 0.18mm, and the response positions are scattered; When the triangular array is arranged, the displacement response of the vibrating plate is 0.63mm, and the response position is mainly concentrated in the middle of the vibrating plate, so the energy utilization efficiency is higher. If the articles to be cleaned are mainly placed in the middle of the cleaning tank, the transducer of the ultrasonic cleaning machine should choose the triangular array method; On the contrary, if the items to be cleaned are scattered in the cleaning tank, the transducer of the cleaning equipment should choose the square array method.

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