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學(xué)校科研使用

作者：admin來(lái)源：http://www.heqingliang.cn/時(shí)間：2018-07-16

超聲波清洗設(shè)備清洗機(jī)所用的清洗劑多為液體洗滌劑，組成模式為：表面活性劑、贅合劑、其他助劑，還有其它有機(jī)溶劑如三氯乙烯。

Most of the cleaning agents used in the cleaning machine of ultrasonic cleaning equipment are liquid detergents, which are composed of surfactants, additives and other organic solvents such as trichloroethylene.

某物質(zhì)當(dāng)其溶于水即使?jié)舛群苄r(shí)，能顯著降低水同空氣的表面張力，或水同其他物質(zhì)的界面張力，則該物質(zhì)稱為表面活性劑。水溶性表面活性劑的分子結(jié)構(gòu)都具有不對(duì)稱的、極性的特點(diǎn)。

When a substance is dissolved in water, even if its concentration is very small, it can significantly reduce the surface tension between water and air, or the interfacial tension between water and other substances. The molecular structures of water-soluble surfactants are asymmetric and polar.

向吸附在水溶液同其他相的界面上，這樣大大改變了體系的物理性質(zhì)，特別是各相界面的界面張力。

In this way, the physical properties of the system, especially the interfacial tension of each phase, are greatly changed.

根據(jù)表面活性劑溶于水時(shí)親水基團(tuán)所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的電性，可把表面活性劑分為陰離子、陽(yáng)離子、中性及兩性表面活性劑。

Surfactants can be divided into anionic, cationic, neutral and amphoteric surfactants according to the electric properties of hydrophilic groups when they are dissolved in water.

螯合劑和溶液中的某些金屬離子如Ca2+、Mg2+等形成穩(wěn)定的螯合體，從而使洗滌劑具有抗硬水性的功能，具體到鏡片清洗時(shí)，又可和鏡片表面的某些含Ca2+、Mg2+的物質(zhì)化合而達(dá)到清洗作用。

Chelating agent and some metal ions in the solution such as Ca2 +, Mg2 + form stable chelating body, so that the detergent has the function of resisting hard water. When cleaning the lens, it can combine with some substances containing Ca2 +, Mg2 + on the surface of the lens to achieve the cleaning effect.

某些助劑的加入，再起到以下作用：

With the addition of some additives, the following effects can be achieved:

緩沖作用：使洗滌劑的PH值能維持穩(wěn)定。

Buffering effect: keep the pH value of detergent stable.

對(duì)金屬的抗腐蝕作用。

Corrosion resistance to metals.

能增加洗滌劑的乳化能力和乳化穩(wěn)定性。

It can increase the emulsifying capacity and emulsifying stability of detergent.

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